普通小麦-黑麦草(Lolium perenne L.)易位系鉴定及其后代灌浆与产量性状分析

Identification of Translocation Line of Triticum aestivum-Lolium perenne L.and Analysis on Grain Filling and Yield Traits of Its Offsprings

为明确外源染色体或片段对小麦籽粒灌浆和产量性状的影响,以普通小麦宁春4号和黑麦草远缘杂交后代为材料,借助分子细胞学手段鉴定其BC1代染色体组成,并对其BC1F3代籽粒灌浆和产量性状进行了分析。结果表明,ND99株系出现两个顶端小片段易位类型的GISH杂交信号,为真杂种;ND99的BC1F3后代中分离出有芒(ND99A)和无芒(ND99B)两种类型,并且同一个分子标记3EST-185能够追踪这两种类型。宁春4号和易位系后代(ND99A、ND99B)籽粒的体积、鲜重、干重、水分均表现为先增后降的变化趋势;宁春4号和ND99A的灌浆速率呈双峰曲线变化,而ND99B呈多峰曲线变化。宁春4号的灌浆时间早,快速增长期长,籽粒饱满指数和粒重最大;ND99A灌浆迟,持续期短,籽粒饱满指数最低,粒重仅次于宁春4号;ND99B灌浆的峰值出现较早、较大,灌浆持续期短,籽粒饱满指数居中,粒重最低。易位系后代的穗长、穗粒数和结实小穗数明显高于宁春4号,可能是影响其灌浆的关键因素之一。

In order to explore the effect of exogenous chromosome or fragment on grain filling and yield of wheat, the offsprings of ＂Ningchun 4 ）〈 Lolium perenne＂ distant hybridization were used as materi- als in this study. The chromosome composition of BC1 hybrid offsprings was identified based on ge- nomic in situ hybridization（GISH） using Lolium perenne L. DNA as probe and molecular markers, and characteristics of grain filling and yield traits in BC1Fa offsprings were analyzed. The results showed that,No. ND99 had two GISH signals of small fragment translocation types in top,and was true hybrid; The BC1Fa offsprings of ND99 were divided into awned type（ND99A） and awnless type （ND99B） ,and a molecular marker 3EST-185 could identify the two types. The changes of grain vol- ume, fresh weight,dry weight, and water at filling stage in variety Ningchun 4 and translocation off- springs（ND99A,ND99B） showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing The filling rate ofNingchun 4 and ND99A showed a double-peak curve,but ND99B showed many peaks. The filling stage of Ningchun 4 was early in time,with long rapid growth period and biggest plumpness index of grain and kernel weight per spike. The filling time of ND99A showed later,with short extending period and lowest plumpness index,and kernel weight per spike was lower than that of Ningchun 4. The filling peak of ND99B appeared earlier and bigger,with short extending period and lowest kernel weight per spike. In the yield traits,panicle length,kernel number and fertile spikelet number per spike of trans- location lines were apparently higher than those of Ningchun 4,which could be one of the key factors affecting grain filling.