“全面二孩”政策对女性职业发展的影响及其因应之策

Impact and Countermeasures of All-Round Two-child Policy on Women's Career Development

女性是生育的主体,然而在生育政策的改革中,对女性职业发展因生育而受到影响的关注微乎其微。实际上,孕产及哺乳期身体与心理状况不佳、产后职业资本减少和职业动机减弱等都会影响女性职业的发展。"全面二孩"政策的出台,给所有有生育意愿的家庭提供了生育二孩的机会,但女性所面临的生育与职业发展的冲突也空前增加。针对不同的年龄层次,"全面二孩"政策将会对女性职业的发展产生直接、间接和根本层面的不同影响。应正视生育主体职业发展的权益,在政策上明确男性的育儿责任,改革以企业负担为主的生育保险制度,引进性别评估机制、完善生育政策的评估标准。

Women are the subjects of reproduction .However ,in the reform of fertility policy , little attention is paid to the impact of the female career development due to fertility .Actually , poor physical and psychological condition in pregnancy and lactation ,postpartum career capital reduction and weak career motivation will affect female career development .The all‐round two‐child policy has brought all the families an opportunity of having two children .Nevertheless ,the adverse impact on women’ s career development has hence increased . According to the age sequence ,the all‐round two‐child policy will play direct , indirect , or fundamental impact on women in different ages respectively .We should face women’s rights of pursuing a career life , define men’s responsibilities in nursing children in our policy ,reform the reproductive insurance w hich is mainly loaded on enterprises ,introduce the gender evaluation mechanism and perfect the evaluation standard of the fertility policy .