CO_2与夜温升高对郑单958生长特征及产量的影响

Effects of Increase of CO_2 Concentration and Night Temperature on Growth Characteristics and Yield of Zhengdan 958

为了解未来气候变化对夏玉米生长特性和产量的影响,以郑单958为试验材料,设置3个CO2浓度水平(380、550、750 cm3/m3)与2个夜间增温水平(0、2℃),共6个处理,测定拔节期、抽雄期以及成熟期玉米的株高、叶色值(SPAD)、叶面积指数(LAI)、地上生物量及成熟后的产量和产量构成要素。结果表明:随着CO2浓度升高,玉米的株高、SPAD值、LAI以及生物量均呈增加趋势。拔节期,夜温升高,株高、LAI和生物量随之增加;抽雄期和成熟期,夜间增温条件下,这些生长指标则降低。玉米的穗数、穗粒数、百粒质量及实际产量随CO2浓度升高而增加,但其在夜间增温条件下则降低。夜间增温2℃条件下,CO2浓度升高到550 cm3/m3时才可抵消对郑单958生物量和产量的负效应。

In order to understand the effects of future climate change on growth characteristics and yield of summer maize,three CO2concentration（ 380,550,750 cm3/ m3） treatments and two night temperature increase（ 0,2 ℃） treatments were conducted in six different Open Top Chamber（ OTC） and heating devices with Zhengdan 958 as material. The plant height,SPAD（ soil and plant analyzer development）value,LAI（ leaf area index） and above ground biomass during jointing,tasseling and maturing periods were measured. In addition,maize yield and yield components were also determined. The results showed that the plant height,SPAD,LAI and above ground biomass all increased with the increase of CO2 concentration. The plant height,LAI and above ground biomass increased when night temperature raised during the jointing period; however,the three indexes decreased at the tasseling and maturing periods. The yield and yield components increased with the increase of CO2 concentration,and decreased under night warming conditions. When the night temperature was increased by 2 ℃,550 cm3/ m3CO2 could counteract the negative effect on biomass and yield produced by night warming.