高炉中心加焦炉料分布机理及布料方式探讨

Mechanism of burden distribution in central coke charging process and exploration on charging pattern in blast furnace

针对当前常见的中心加焦装料过程,建立了布料过程中螺旋布料时溜槽内炉料颗粒复合运动的三维数学模型,并建立了炉料颗粒在空区内下落过程数学模型和在炉内堆积所形成料面形状及其径向矿焦比分布数学模型。通过将模型预测料面形状与高炉开炉实测料面形状进行对比,证明了模型的有效性。基于实际高炉参数,计算了13°完全中心加焦和20°小角度中心加焦时炉料落点分布和径向矿焦比分布。结果表明,由于中心加焦过程中部分炉料会分布在中间环带,使得实际中心加焦量减少,两者有效的中心加焦率分别为49.4%和70.4%,且在前者模式下形成了直径约为1.2 m的贯通的中心焦柱区域,而在后者条件下形成中心直径约为2.5 m的较大范围的低矿焦比分布柱状区域。最后,阐述了中心加焦技术原理,指出了当前中心加焦操作方式存在的问题,并探讨了高效布料方式,对指导实际高炉生产操作有着重要意义。

Aiming at the common central coke charging process, the three-dimensional mathematical models for burden particles comprehensive motion within rotating chute during the charging process was established, and then the model describing particles failing in the freeboard and the model for stock profile formed by particles accumulation and its radial distribution of ore to coke ratio were developed as well. Through comparing the predicted stock profile by established model and measured results in blow-in stage, the validity of the model was proved. Based on actual blast furnace parameters, the distribution of burden falling point and radial distribution of ore to coke ration were calculated under 13° central coke charging pattern and 20° central coke charging pattern respectively. The results show that as part of central coke distributed in intermediate zone during charging process, the actual coke quantity in the center decreased, and the effective central coke charging rates were 49.4% and 70.4%, respectively. And under the former charging mode, a connected central coke column zone with about 1.2 m diameter has been formed, while wide range of columnar zone with low distribution of ore to coke ratio with about 2.5 m diameter was formed under the latter condition. Finally, the principle of central coke charging was deeply clarified, several problems existing in current central coke charging pattern were pointed out, and efficient burden distribution patterns were discussed with important significance in guiding the actual blast furnace production.