动物源性食品中硝基呋喃及其代谢物产物检测方法研究进展

Progress on determination of nitrofuran and their metabolites in animal-derived food

2006年十大食品安全事件中"大闸蟹致癌"事件引起人们关注,虽然后来证实为夸大其词,但是此次事件中涉及的致癌物质硝基呋喃代谢物的检测方法仍然引起检测行业的重视。本文介绍了硝基呋喃类药物及其代谢物的相关性质、硝基呋喃类代谢物的限量要求、检测标准、检测方法及各方法的检出限。呋喃类药物在动物食用组织中能快速代谢,不易被检测到,而硝基呋喃类药物的代谢产物可在动物可食组织中长时间稳定保留,所以检测的目标物一般为硝基呋喃类药物的代谢物。目前各国常用的检测方法有高效液相色谱-紫外法(HPLC-UV)、液相色谱-质谱法(LC-MS)、液相色谱-串联质谱法(LC-MS/MS)及酶联免疫法(ELISA),除此之外,还有分光光度法和原子吸收法,本文比较了各种方法在实际应用中的优缺点,探讨了在检测过程中的注意事项,其中包括影响衍生的条件、环境等。

＂Crabs carcinogenic＂ event, as one of the top ten food safety incident had aroused concern in 2006. Although it was proved to be exaggerated later, the methods for detection of nitrofuran metabolites were still caused the attention in testing industry. The related nature of nitrofuran and their metabolites, limited requirements, test standards, detection methods and detection limit of nitrofuran and their metabolites were described in this article. Drugs of furan cannot be detected easily as they were rapidly metabolized in edible animal tissues, but nitrofuran metabolites could be kept for a long time in edible animal tissues. So, nitrofuran metabolites were chosen as the target analytes. High performance liquid chromatography-UV（HPLC-UV）, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS）, liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry（LC-MS/MS） and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay（ELISA） were common detection methods in many countries, besides, spectrophotometry and atomic absorption method were used by others. Advantages and disadvantages of various methods in practical application were compared, and some precautions in testing, including conditions and environment of derivation were suggested in this article.