特发性黄斑毛细血管扩张症的研究现状与进展

The status and progress of studies of idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasis

特发性黄斑毛细血管扩张症（IPT）是一种以黄斑中心凹及中心凹旁毛细血管扩张为特征的视网膜血管异常性疾病。以视网膜毛细血管扩张、视网膜透明度降低、视网膜小静脉扩张、黄色渗出、视网膜色素上皮病变、视网膜小片出血灶、黄斑萎缩、黄斑裂孔或板层孔、视网膜下新生血管及视网膜脱离为主要临床特征。根据临床特点及荧光素眼底血管造影特征，IPT可分为3种类型6个亚型。激光光凝、光动力疗法以及玻璃体腔注射糖皮质激素或抗血管内皮生长因子药物治疗，在减轻黄斑水肿及控制新生血管上有一定作用。但由于IPT病因尚不明确，现有这些治疗措施均缺乏针对病因的特异性并且存在一些问题。正确认识IPT临床特征，深入探讨其发病因素，在此基础上进行有针对性的治疗尚有待临床工作者不断努力。

Idiopathic parafoveal telangiectasis （1PT） is a retinal vascular disease which is characterized by foveal and parafoveal telangiectasia. The main clinical manifestations are retinal telangiectasis, reduced retinal transparency, retinal venular dilatation, yellow exudation, retinal pigment epithelial lesions, retinal hemorrhage, maeular atrophy, macular hoIe or lamellar hole, subretinal neovascularization and retinal detachment. According to the clinical characteristics and features of fluorescein angiography, IPT can be divided into 3 types and 6 subtypes. Laser photocoagulation, photodynamic therapy, and intravitreal injection of glucocorticoid or anti -vascular endothelial growth factor drugs, can reduce the macular edema and neovascularization. However, due to the unclear etiology of IPT, the existing treatment measures are not specific for its etiology. We need to work hard to understand further the clinical features and pathogenesis of IPT and search the targeted treatments based on its pathogenesis mechanism.