不同磷效率基因型大豆产量构成因素及籽粒产量通径

Yield Component Factors and Grain Yield Path of Genotype Soybean with Different Phosphorus Efficiency

以30个不同磷效率基因型大豆品种(系)为材料,研究了不同磷水平条件下3种大豆的产量构成因素变化及其对籽粒产量通径。结果表明,在施磷肥条件下,磷低效基因型品种和中间型品种的产量高于磷高效基因型品种;而不施磷肥条件下,磷高效基因型品种的产量显著高于磷低效基因型品种和中间型品种。在本试验条件下,单株荚数、单株粒数和产量之间存在正相关关系,但百粒质量与产量之间存在负相关关系。通径分析表明,所有品种产量3因素对产量都有正向效应,其中单株荚数和单株粒数对产量的贡献最大;不同磷效率基因型品种产量构成因素对产量的间接通径系数既有负值也有正值,说明品种产量3因素间存在相互制约或相互促进的关系。总之,在低等肥力下,大豆的高产栽培选择磷高效基因型品种较为稳定;在高肥条件下,磷低效基因型品种则具有更高产量潜力,是今后超高产大豆育种值得关注的类型。

Taking soybean varieties （lines） with 30 different phosphorus efficiency genotypes as materials, changes in yieldcomponents of 3 kinds of soybean and their grain yield path were studied. Results showed that yield of low phosphorus efficiencygenotype and intermediate varieties were higher than high phosphorus efficient genotypes under the condition of applying phos-phate fertilizer. But yield of high phosphorus efficient genotypes was significantly higher than low phosphorus efficiency genotypeand intermediate varieties under the condition of not applying phosphate fertilizer. Under conditions of this experiment, therewas a positive correlation among pod number per plant, grain number per plant and yield. But there was a negative correlationbetween 100 grain quality and yield. Path analysis showed that all varieties yield 3 factors had positive effect on the yield. Andthe number of pods per plant and grain number per plant were the most contribution to the yield. Indirect path coefficients werenegative or positive in different phosphorus efficiency genotypie soybeans, this indicated restrict or accelerate development andpotential of increment for three yield components. Therefore, it was suggested to grow high phosphorus efficiency fertilize phos-phate euhivars in infertile soils and the phosphorus efficiency fertilize phosphate cultivars in fertile soil, super yield soybeanbreeding in the future should be aroused more attention.