民国时期中小学训育实施论衡

On Practices of Discipline Education in Primary and Secondary Schools in the Republic of China

合理的训育制度是保障训育目标实现的基础,南京国民政府教育部为此专门成立了训育委员会负责各项中小学训育事务,各地中小学校则根据自身的实际情况探索了各具特色的训育组织机构。学术界、教育界甚至教育行政界都对中小学校的训育目标、内容与方法进行了论争与探讨,呈现出复杂、多元的训育热潮。总体来看,民国时期中小学训育目标密切联系儿童的实际生活并具有文化传承及时代性,训育方法具体多样,操作性强。其所摸索出来的如何打通"教"与"育"畛域;德育目标、内容的具体化;注重教师素养等中小学校道德教育的基本核心问题对当今学校德育仍能提供借鉴意义。

Proper discipline system is the basis for achieving the goal of discipline education. Therefore, the Ministry of Education of Nanjing national government set up a discipline committee in charge of discipline education in schools. Primary and secondary schools sought to establish discipline organizations with distinctive characteristics. The academic world, the educational circles, and the administrative departments in educational institutions had heated discussion on the goals, contents and methods of discipline education, which triggered a complicated and diverse fever for discipline education. Overall, the goals of discipline education in Republic of China were culturally-based, closely related to children＇s life and in line with the times. Various methods introduced were specific and feasible. The way they discovered on how to break down the boundary between ＂teaching＂ and ＂nurturing＂, and the core issues like making the goals and contents of moral education specific, attaching importance to teachers＇ quality can still provide reference for moral education in current schools.