不同护理方法预防白血病患者化疗后感染发生的效果比较

Comparison of clinical efficacy of different nursing methods in prevention of infection events in leukemia patients after chemotherapy

目的比较不同护理方法预防白血病患者化疗后感染发生的效果。方法选取2010年1月至2013年4月间海南省琼海市疾病控制中心收治的240例白血病接受化疗患者,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组120例。研究组患者采用整体护理与重点部位护理相结合的护理方法,对照组患者采用传统护理方法。对两组患者化疗后15 d的感染率、感染部位、焦虑自评量表(SAS)和生活质量进行比较。结果两组患者的感染部位均主要分布在呼吸道和口腔,研究组患者的各感染部位的感染率和总感染率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组患者中,心理健康73例(60.8%),与对照组的16例(13.3%)相比,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者在健康感受、生活感受和生活质量的评分差异有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论应用整体护理与重点部位护理相结合的护理方法,可以增强白血病化疗患者的抗感染能力,提高生活质量,值得临床推广应用。

Objective To make Comparison of clinical efficacy of different nursing methods in prevention of infection events in leukemia patients after chemotherapy. Methods From January 2010 to April 2013, 240 cases of leukemia patients with chemotherapy in Qionghai Disease Control Center were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into the study group and the control group, 120 cases in each group. The patients in the study group accepted holistic nursing and key parts care and those in the control group accepted conventional nursing. The rate and the site of infection, self-rating anxiety scale （SAS） anxiety scores and quality of life scores of the two groups were compared after 15 d of chemotherapy. Results The main infective sites were respiratory tract and oral cavity. The infection rate and overall infection rate of the study group were lower than those of the control group, with significant differences （ P 〈 0. 05 ）. 73 cases （60. 8% ） in the study group showed a psychological health, and that of the control group was 16 cases （13.3%）, with significant difference （P 〈0. 05）. About feeling of health, feeling of life experience and total score of quality of life, significant differences exsited in both groups （P 〈 0. 05）. Conclusion Application of holistic nursing combined with key parts care would enhance the resistance to infection of patients with leukemia after chemotherapy and improve quality of life, which is worthy of clinical use.