自动需求响应背景下考虑用户满意度的分时电价最优制定策略

Optimal TOU pricing strategy considering user satisfaction in automated demand response background

基于博弈论研究分时电价最优制定策略。首先,综合考虑电力需求波动的成本、用户对电价变动的负荷响应及用户满意度等因素,建立电网公司与单用户博弈的分时电价定价模型;其次,分析不同用户的用电特性,将所建模型扩展为多类型用户情形;最后,结合实际算例,运用逆向归纳法获取博弈模型的纳什均衡解,并对比分析不同电价策略下的最优电价与最优用电量。算例结果表明,应用所建模型得到的分时电价最优定价策略,能够有效减小峰谷差,降低各类电力用户的平均电价,从而保证电网公司与用户利益;其中不同类型用户获益效果受其对电价响应能力的影响而有所差异。

The optimal strategy of TOU（Time-Of-Use） electricity pricing is studied based on the game theory. A TOU pricing model between a grid company and single user type is established,which considers the cost of power demand fluctuation,the user＇s load response to varying price and the user satisfaction. The features of different user types are analyzed,based on which,the pricing model is extended to multiple user types. With a practical example,the backward induction is applied to obtain the Nash equilibrium of game model,and the optimal electricity price and the optimal electricity consumption are compared among different pricing strategies. Results show that,the optimal TOU electricity pricing strategy obtained by the proposed model can decrease the peak-valley difference and reduce the average price to ensure the benefits of both company and user;the benefits of different user types depend on their ability of response to electricity price.