大型企业、溢出效应与经济发展

Large Enterprises, Spillover Effects and Economic Development——Based on the 1998～2007 Chinese Industrial Enterprises Data

本文利用中国工业企业数据,采用面板工具变量法,重点考察了大型企业对中小企业的溢出效应,并把技术差距和制度因素对溢出效应的影响纳入其中,发现我国的大型企业对中小企业存在负向的溢出效应,即存在"挤出"效应,但是技术差距和制度因素(集中表现为市场化程度)会限制"挤出"效应的产生。东部沿海地区大型企业对中小企业的"挤出"效应要小于中西部内陆地区。国有、民营、外资、港澳台四种企业类型中,国有中小企业受到大企业的"挤出"效果最明显。就轻重工业而言,处于轻工业中的中小企业受到大型企业的"挤出"效应相对较小。

This paper uses the panel instrumental variable approach, based on 1998-2007 Chinese industrial enterprises data, to put emphasis up on the spillover effects of large enterprises to SMEs, with the impact of technology gap and institutional factors on the spillover effects into consideration. It is found that large enterprises have the negative spillover effects on the SMEs, namely there exists the “crowding out” effects. However, the technology gap and institutional factors will limit the “crowding out” effects. The“crowding out” effects on SMEs caused by the large enterprises in the eastern coastal area are smaller than that in the Midwest hinterland. State-owned small and medium-sized enterprises suffer the most from large enterprises. In terms of light and heavy industry, small and medium-sized enterprises in the light industry have a relatively smaller“crowd out”effect.