从亚里士多德到J·L·奥斯汀:伊格尔顿对现实主义的反思路径

From Aristotle to J. L. Austin: Terry Eagleton's Reflection on Realism Literature

进入新世纪,伊格尔顿在多部著作中深入探讨了现实主义与虚构、摹仿之间的关系。沿着亚里士多德的诗学与修辞学路径,伊格尔顿认为,正是摹仿构成了事实与虚构之间的界限;现实主义或者虚构都可看作某种有着明确道德意图的形式或技法,作品创设人物、事件、情境是为了建立某个想象中的道德世界。受J·L·奥斯汀启发,伊格尔顿认为文学作为一种言语行为,是关乎道德寓意而非事实真假的断言,它是施行式话语,这种思路继承了古典修辞学与政治学传统。

In recent years, Terry Eagleton has discussed the relation between realism and fiction and mimesis in many books. Along with Aristotle＇s poetics and rhetoric approaches, Eagleton puts forward that mimesis constitute the boundary between facts and fictions; realism or fiction could be regard as some form or technic with explicit moral intention in imaginations. Stimulated speech act, which is pe oric and politics traditio s; by and the characters, events and situations of works are all serve the moral worlds J. L. Austin＇s speech act theory, Eagleton takes literatures as some acts of rformatives and rather moral claims than fact ones. This thought inherits classical rhet-oric and politics traditions.