深圳光明新区2013-2015年三氯乙烯作业场所危害状况及劳动者健康分析

Situation of occupational hazards in the workplaces with trichloroethylene exposure and health status of the exposed workers in Guangming New District,Shenzhen City,2013-2015

目的 分析评估光明新区三氯乙烯职业危害现状和长期接触者的健康状况。方法 对15间使用三氯乙烯的工作场所进行检测,对接触三氯乙烯的81名劳动者进行职业健康检查。结果 2013-2015年间共检测126个检测点,30个点超标,三氯乙烯浓度范围为0.7-122.59 mg/m3（PC-TWA）,平均浓度16.02 mg/m^3（PC-TWA）。电镀行业三氯乙烯超标率高于电子行业,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6.23,P=0.013）;三氯乙烯接触者2015年肝功能异常率高于2013年,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6.51,P=0.011）;2015年血常规异常率高于2013和2014年,差异有统计学意义（χ^2=6.69,P=0.01;χ^2=5.84,P=0.016）。结论 光明新区五金行业和电镀行业的三氯乙烯使用场所通风排毒设施仍需要加强,劳动者也需要严格按照要求佩戴防护用品。

Objective To analyze and evaluate the current situation of occupational hazards of trichloroethylene and the health status of workers with long-term exposure to trichloroethylene in Guangming New District,Shenzhen City.Methods Fifteen workplaces with trichloroethylene exposure were tested,and occupational health checks were conducted in 81 workers exposed to trichlorethylene.Results A total of 126 spots were detected during 2013-2015,and 30 spots exceeded the standard.The concentration range of trichloroethylene was 0.7-122.59 mg/m^3（PC-TWA）,and the average concentration of trichloroethylene was16.02 mg/m^3（PC-TWA）.The exceeding standard rate of trichlorethylene in the electroplating industry was higher than that of the electronics industry,with a statistically significant difference（χ^2= 6.23,P = 0.013）.The rate of liver function abnormalities of workers exposed to trichloroethylene in 2015 was higher than that in 2013,showing a statistically significant difference（χ^2= 6.51,P = 0.011）.The rate of blood routine abnormality in 2015 was higher than those in 2013 and 2014,and the differences were statistically significant（χ^2= 6.69,P = 0.01;χ^2= 5.84,P = 0.016）.Conclusions The ventilation and detoxification facilities of workplaces with trichloroethylene exposure in the hardware industry and the electroplating industry in Guangming New District are still required to be further improved,and the workers should also wear protection supplies in strict accordance with the requirements.