基于比值法的医疗服务地理可及性可视化表达方法研究

Analysis of measuring and visualizing spatial accessibility to health resources based on physician to population method

目的 :改进传统的比值法,更为科学地测算并可视化表达医疗服务地理可及性。方法 :收集、整理行政区划、道路交通、人口分布、医疗机构等基础数据,将卫生资源/人口比值法与地理因素相结合,按照聚焦问题、修改方法、数据模拟、专家论证、完善方法的思路展开研究。结果 :将传统比值法和服务区域相结合,在地理信息系统软件中,利用距离因素划定医疗机构的服务区域,测算各服务区域内的人均资源量,从而形成反映医疗资源空间可达性的指标,并对医疗资源空间可达性地理分布进行可视化。结论 :比值法在医疗服务地理可及性可视化表达中主要适用于均等化配置的区域医疗中心和社区卫生服务中心。该方法直观展示区域内资源配置的不均衡性,为医疗资源规划调整提供参考。

Objective： To develop a new method of measuring and visualizing the spatial accessibility to health resources. Methods： Basic data, including the administrative district, the transportation network, the population distribution, the address of hospitals were collected and organized. A question was raised; a method was presented ; data were simulated, demonstrated and optimized. Health resources to population ratio and the distance between address of residence and hospitals were combined to analyze health seeking behavior. Results： This method combined the traditional resource-to-population method and health service area method. The health service areas were delimited with consideration of the factor of distance. It visualized the spatial accessibility of health resources within an area through measuring the value of health resources per person. Conclusion： The ratio method is especially suitable for measuring the equality of health resources allocation, so this method can be used in assess accessibility to regional hospitals or community hospitals, which illustrates difference of health resource accessibility among regions.