户籍制度对大学生工资的影响——来自北京市的证据

The Wage Effects of Hukou on College Graduates:Evidence from Beijing

文章利用中国人民大学中国调查与数据中心组织的"2013年首都大学生成长跟踪调查"数据,采用倾向得分匹配法探究了户籍制度对于大学生工资的影响。研究发现:大学生在就业时面临着户口与待遇的选择困境,为了获得户口,大学生在某种程度上需要牺牲与自己人力资本特征相匹配的工作和工资待遇,不得不支付"户口成本";在同等的人力资本条件下,大学生需要牺牲21%的工资待遇才能获得一纸户口;大学生中人力资本特征越高的群体,遭受的户口成本所带来的工资损失越大。基于以上发现,文章认为应该进行户口去福利化的改革,如此才能提升劳动力市场资源配置的效率,使得人尽其才。

This paper uses ＂Beijing College Students Panel Survey＂data organized by National Survey Research Center in Renmin University of China to study the wage effects of hukou on college graduates by adopting propensity score matching method. The results show that： College graduates have to make a choice between hukou and better treatment. In order to get a hukou,college graduates have to pay the cost of hukou by sacrificing a good job and a reasonable salary. Under the condition of equal human capital,the college graduates getting a hukou are paid 21% less than college graduates who do not get a hukou. What＇s worse,the higher the level of human capital,the bigger the loss of their wages. So it＇s necessary to make hukou without welfare in order to improve labor market resource allocation efficiency and make full use of talents.