动脉粥样硬化易损斑块的动物模型和检测技术

Animal Models and Detection Technologies of Vulnerable Atherosclerotic Plaques

动脉粥样硬化易损斑块破裂、血栓形成是急性冠状动脉综合征的发病机制已成为共识。由于缺乏理想的易损斑块的动物模型,对斑块破裂前的血清学及影像学特征研究较少,尚缺乏能够早期识别易损斑块及预防斑块破裂的最佳方法。本实验室已成功构建家兔和Apo E-/-小鼠的易损斑块模型。易损斑块的检测技术主要包括非侵入性及侵入性的影像学检测及功能学检测技术。对易损斑块的早期准确识别以便及时干预具有十分重要的临床意义。

Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque rupture leading to thrombosis is the major cause of acute coronary syndromes. While early detection or prevention the vulnerable plaque would be the only way to reduce the risk of this catastrophic life-threatening event,there is frustratingly little progress in either. Lack of suitable animal models has considerably hampered the research progress in understanding the mechanisms occurring in the development of plaque rupture. This review summarizes the currently available vulnerable plaque animal models and invasive and noninvasive imaging modalities used to detect vulnerable plaques,including high frequency duplex ultrasound,coronary tomographic angiography（ CTA）,magnetic resonance imaging（ MRI）, intravascular ultrasound（ IVUS）, optical coherence tomography（ OCT）,intravascular ultrasound elastography,and inflammatory markers.