格陵兰岛因纽特人饮食和气候适应性的遗传特征

The genetic characteristics of diet and climate adaptability of Inuits on Greenland

格陵兰岛的原著居民—因纽特人已经在极端的北极条件下生活了很长时间,包括很低的年平均气温,丰富蛋白质和脂肪酸饮食,特别是ω-3多不饱和脂肪酸。因纽特人的基因组适应性扫描显示信号在多个位点,最显著的信号位于一连串的脂肪酸去饱和酶水平。挑选出来的等位基因与人体多种新陈代谢和表型相关,特别与体质量、身高相关,对体质量影响最大的是欧洲人。对于膜脂质的分析,研究发现,挑选出来的等位基因能够调节脂肪酸的组成,并且受生长激素调节的影响。因此,因纽特人在富含多不饱和脂肪酸的丰富饮食上有着遗传和生理适应性。

The Inuits have been living in the extreme north pole environment for centuries .The annual average temperature on Greenland is very low .The Inuits＇ diet contains rich protein and fatty acids ,especially ω‐3 polyunsat‐urated fatty acids .Adaptive scan of Inuits＇ gnomes showed multi loci ,and the most remarkable signal was on a series of fatty acid desaturases .The selected alleles were correlated with human metabolism and phenotypes ,in particular weight and height ,especially the height of Europeans .Analysis of the membrane lipids showed that the alleles select‐ed could regulate the composition of fatty acids ,and were affected by growth hormone .Therefore ,the Inuits＇ diet which is rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids has genetic and physiological adaptability .