山区农村居民点演变的地貌分异与分类调控研究

Study on topographical differentiation of rural residential land evolution and classification regulation in mountainous areas

利用门头沟区土地利用现状数据,在GIS软件的支持下划分地貌类型区间,从农村居民点的景观、数量、人口等方面探讨不同地貌区农村居民点用地演变的分异特征,依据农村居民点的资源禀赋条件、演化趋势和所处的地貌类型,构建出不同地貌区农村居民点的分类调控模式。结果表明:在景观上,农村居民点在斑块数量(Number of Patches,NP)、聚集度指数(Aggregation Index,AI)、景观形状指数(Land Scape Index,LSI)、平均居民点面积(Mean Area of Residential Iand,AREA-MN),从浅山-中山-深山梯度带上均表现为逐渐降低的趋势;在数量上,农村居民点用地的增减变化与地貌关系密切,随着地貌从浅山向深山的过渡,农村居民点用地的增减变化均呈现出下降的趋势,且农村居民点的扩展对优质农业用地具有强烈的侵蚀作用;在人口变化上,山区村庄间的农村人口的相对差异在日趋扩大,在空间上分布上呈现出向浅山地带集中化的趋势。依据农村居民点用地与农村人口的耦合关系,将研究区村庄分为理性成长、理性衰退、非理性成长、非理性衰退及无变化等5个类型,其村庄面积依次为:672.51、8.22、80.05、631.09、26.43 hm2。最后,依据村庄的类型,并基于地貌分异特点,提出了相应的调控方向。

This paper probed into the evolution traits of rural residential land in different topographical areas from the angles of landscape, quantity and rural population, after dividing topographical inter- vals, with the support of GIS software and spatial analysis extensions. Diversified regulation modes for rural residential land in different topographical areas were built, according to related resource back- ground, evolution tendency and on site topography. The results indicate that, （ 1 ） landscape indicators such as the number of patches （NP） , aggregation index （AI） , landscape shape index （LSI） and mean area （AREA-MN） , decrease gradually from shallow mountainous areas, to middle and to deep mountainous areas, from the landscape angle; （2） rural residential land manifests close relationship with topography, which reduces evidently from shallow to deep mountainous areas and threaten the ex- istence of prime farmland in plain areas, from the quantity viewpoint; （3） population within each rural residential land varies dramatically, which shows centralization trend toward shallow mountainous are-as, from the rural population perspective. On the basis of coupling relationship between rural residen- tial land and rural population, evolution of rural residential land was divided into 5 types, namely, ra- tional growth, rational decay, irrational growth, irrational decay, and no change. The 5 types of areas accounted for 672.51, 8.22, 80.05, 631.09, and 26.43 hm2 respectively. In the stage of integration of urban and rural relationship, the most feasible approach to coordinate the rural population and rural residential land amount is to realize the transfer of traditional agricultural practitioners to modernized citizens, besides the dynamic conversion of construction land between urban and rural areas. Taking into account the evolution differentiation of rural residential land topographically, proper regulation measures and modes were put forward, according to the development and evolution trend and on site situations of rural residential land in mountainous areas. Socio-economic development guided rural resi- dential land rehabilitation is inevitable for the proper allocation of urban land use, farmland protection, industrial aggregation, village distribution and ecological conservation, and so forth. So it＇s important to select scientific and proper dominant industries within the constraint and tolerance of social and eco- nomic conditions, as well as environmental and resource carrying capacities. Key words：