中国话剧的衰落与世界戏剧的萎缩

The Decline of the Chinese Drama and the Atrophy of World Drama

法国学者弗雷德里克·马特尔的《戏剧在美国的衰落》一书论述了美国戏剧的"衰落"及"抵抗"。以美国戏剧的"衰落"的现状作为参照,中国当代话剧也存在如下问题:专业化问题、商业化问题、结构性危机问题、导演主导创作而剧作家退位的问题、当代社会陷入精神困境的问题。面对"衰落"的现状,美国戏剧作出了积极的"抵抗",中国的话剧界也不应陷入无作为的悲观主义。为了重振中国话剧,有以下几点建议:首先,必须摆脱急于求成的浮躁心理,树立持久发展的战略思想;其次,话剧必须面向大众,才能有出路,才能有发展;其三,大学应该成为话剧发展的基地;其四,高等戏剧学院的教育应当进行改革;其五,中国的话剧必须走与民族的现实生活紧密结合,与民族的艺术的、戏剧的传统紧密结合的道路。

French scholar Friderick Martel＇s ＂Decline of the Drama in America＂ addresses the ＂ decline＂ and ＂ resistance＂ of the American drama. Like the declining American drama, the modern drama of China is also beset with problems： spe- cialization, commercialization, structural crisis, the domination of the director in the production and the abdication of the playwright, the moral plight that modem society finds itself in and etc. Faced with this ＂decline＂ , the American drama puts up a spirited ＂ resistance＂ and likewise the Chinese drama community should not fall into pessimistic inactivity either. To re- vive Chinese drama, this paper makes the following suggestions： first, we must abandon the impetuous instant-success men- tality for a strategy of sustainable development; secondly, only when drama is orientated to the public can it be assured of a way out and development; third, universities should be made a base for the development of modern drama; fourth, reforms must be carried out in the way education is conducted in the academies of drama; fifth, Chinese drama must pursue the path of combining itself closely with the real life of the nation and with the nation＇s artistic and dramatic tradition.