吉林省湿地调蓄洪水功能分析及其价值评估

Flood storage function analysis and value assessment of wetlands in Jilin Province

湿地通过调节流量、减缓流速和蓄积水资源,在调节河川径流、补给地下水和维持区域水平衡中发挥着重要作用,吉林省湿地面积较大,分布较广,在调蓄洪水中具有重要价值。笔者通过核算吉林省湿地调蓄洪水价值及其在各区县的空间分配规律,阐明了吉林省湿地调蓄洪水价值整体特征。结果显示,吉林省调蓄洪水突出区域主要分布于中部和北部,其中中部突出区域面积为0.7万km^2,北部为1.2万km^2。吉林省湿地调蓄洪水总价值为2 910.1亿元,排序为人工湿地(1 218.72亿元)>湖泊湿地(815.28亿元)>沼泽湿地(510.97亿元)>河流湿地(365.13亿元)。各区县调蓄洪水价值排序为白城市(798.52亿元)>松原市(768.19亿元)>长春市(413.46亿元)>吉林市(302.08亿元)>延边市(214.94亿元)>通化市(175.06亿元)>四平市(112.60亿元)>辽源市(68.93亿元)>白山市(56.32亿元)。另外,各区县单位面积调蓄洪水价值以松原市最大,白山市最小;人均占有调蓄洪水价值白城市最高,四平市最低。各种湿地类型其单位面积和人均调蓄洪水价值空间分布,各区县差异明显。

Wetlands play essential roles in regulating runoff, recharging groundwater, and maintaining the regional water balance, through functions like adjusting the flow rate, slowing the flow velocity, and accumulating water resources. The wetlands in Jilin Province cover a large area and are widely distributed, and have a large impact on flood storage. This paper illustrates the entire feature of the flood storage function of wetlands in Jilin Province by calculating their values and spatial allocations in different regions. The research results show that the flood storage mainly occurs in the central and western regions of Jilin Province, which cover an area of 7000 km^2 and an area of 12000 km^2 , respectively. The total value of wetland flood storage is 291. 01 billion yuan, The wetlands can be ranked by flood storage value in the following descending order： constructed wetlands （ 121. 872 billion yuan ） , lake wetlands （81. 528 billion yuan） , marsh wetlands （51. 097 billion yuan） , and river wetlands （36. 513 billion yuan） . The cities of Jilin Province can be ranked by flood storage value in the following descending order：Baicheng City （ 79. 852 billion yuan ） , Songyuan City （ 76. 819 billion yuan ） , Changchun City （ 41. 346 billion yuan）, Jilin City （30. 208 billion yuan）, Yanbian City （21. 494 billion yuan）, Tonghua City （17. 506 billion yuan） , Siping City （11. 260 billion yuan） , Liaoyuan City （6. 893 billion yuan） , and Baishan City （5. 632 billion yuan） . In addition, the wetlands in Songyuan City have the largest flood storage value per unit area while those in Biashan City have the smallest value. Baicheng City has the largest flood storage value per capita while Siping City has the smallest value. The spatial allocations of flood storage values per unit area and per capita of different wetland types show significant differences in these cities.