江西省某院980名女性绝经过程相关症状的调查

Menopause-Related Symptoms:A Survey of 980 Women in an Institution in Jiangxi Province

目的：调查40-60岁更年期妇女的绝经相关症状。方法2014年5月至2015年5月在江西省妇幼保健院更年期门诊对40-60岁患者进行统一问卷调查。结果共980例患者完成该调查，绝经年龄为（50．00±2．15）岁。绝经前期（n＝189）、围绝经期（n＝455）、绝境后期（n＝336）与 Kupperman 评分等级呈弱相关（r ＝0．142，P ＝0．00）。最常见的5种绝经相关症状是骨关节和肌肉痛（68．98％，676／980）、潮热汗出（60．92％，597／980）、易激动（52．86％，518／980）、失眠（50．82％，498／980），阴道干涩（42．65％，418／980），其他依次为感觉异常、尿失禁、心悸、头痛、抑郁、皮肤蚁走感；除尿失禁、抑郁、皮肤蚁走感外，其他症状发生率比较差异均有统计学意义（P ＝0．00）。结论女性患者的绝经相关症状以轻、中度为主，绝经发展过程与症状程度有关。围绝经期以潮热汗出最为常见，绝经后期以骨关节肌肉痛、失眠等问题多见，绝经前期最常见的症状是易激动。

Objective To investigate the menopause-related symptoms in women aged 40-60 years.Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted in women aged 40-60 years in the outpatient clinic of Jiangxi maternal and child health hospital from May 2014 to May 2015.Results A total of 980 women were surveyed.The age at menopause was（50.00±2.15）years old.The premenopause（n=189）,perimenopause（n=455）and postmenopause（n=336）were weakly correlated with Kupperman scores（r=0.142,P=0.00）.The five most common symptoms were joint and muscle pain（68.98%,676/980）,hot flush （60.92%,597/980）,irritability（52.86%,518/980）,insomnia（50.82%,498/980）,and vaginal dryness（42.65%,418/980）.Other symptoms included paresthesia,urinary incontinence,heart palpitation,headache,depression and skin formication.Except urinary incontinence,depression and skin formication,the incidences of symptoms were significantly different（P =0.00）.Conclusion Most menopause-related symptoms were mild to moderate in women,and the development of menopause is correlated with the degree of symptoms.Hot flush is the most common symptom in perimenopause,joint and muscle pain and insomnia are the most common symptoms in postmenopause,and irritability is the most common symptom in premenopause.