《联合国海洋法公约》的缺陷及中美日南海海权博弈对策比较分析

The Defect of UNCLOS and the Different Countermeasures of China-U.S-Japan on the South China Sea Dispute

现行的《联合国海洋法公约》存在重大缺陷,无论从法理还是实践的视角看,都存在不公平性。南海争端的核心是领土主权争端,《联合国海洋法公约》并不适用于主权和领土争议,因此也就不适用于南海争端的处理。菲律宾对中国提出南海仲裁案的背后推手是美日等国。基于现行《联合国海洋法公约》的缺陷,为了解决南海争端,中国采取外交谈判优先的战略,美国在《联合国海洋法公约》框架外采取了以军事优势为基础的海洋威慑战略,日本则实行国际干预架构下的海洋同盟战略。采取上述不同战略的根本实质在于中美日三国围绕南海展开的海权博弈。中国应倡导南海海洋治理的两个创新性理念:以法治海、以海治海。

There is a great defection of unfairness on the Current UNCLOS （the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea）. The point of the South China Sea issue focuses on territorial sovereignty dispute. However, the UNCLOS can＇t be applied to the South China Sea dispute. South China Sea arbitration sued by the Philippines is manipulated by America and Japan. Considering the existing defect of UNCLOS, to solve the South China Sea dispute, China applies diplomatic negotiation as its strategic priority, while America adopting deterrence strategy based on military advantage and Japan taking an ocean alliance strategy under international intervention. The essence of these three strategies is the sea power game of China-U.S-Japan. China should propose two creative ideas on the South China Sea： rule the sea by law, and rule the sea by sea.