帕洛诺司琼在鼻咽癌同步放化疗中防治恶心呕吐的疗效观察

Observation of Efficacy of Palonosetron in the Prevention and Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma( NPC) Treated with Chemoradiation

目的对接受同步放化疗的鼻咽癌患者采用帕洛诺司琼预防恶心呕吐,观察其治疗效果。方法将行同步放化疗的鼻咽癌患者80例随机分为2组,分别采用帕洛诺司琼和昂丹司琼止吐治疗,观察并比较2组患者发生急性、延迟性恶心呕吐及其他不良反应的情况。结果帕洛诺司琼组急性恶心发生率为57.5%、急性呕吐32.5%,昂丹司琼组急性恶心、呕吐的发生率为62.5%、35.0%,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);帕洛诺司琼组延迟性恶心、延迟性呕吐发生率分别为80.0%、62.5%,昂丹司琼组延迟性恶心、呕吐的发生率为87.5%、80.0%,帕洛诺司琼组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。除恶心、呕吐的消化道反应外,2组患者均出现头晕、口干、头痛、乏力、低热、便秘、焦虑、腹泻等放化疗相关不良反应,2组的不良反应发生率无明显差异(P>0.05)。结论对接受同步放化疗的鼻咽癌患者采用帕洛诺司琼,能够预防放化疗引起的急性及延迟性恶心呕吐,尤其是能够有效控制延迟性恶心呕吐的发生,且不良反应轻微,值得在临床上推广使用。

Objective To study the efficacy of palonosetron in the prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting in nasopharyngeal carcinoma（ NPC） treated with chemoradiation. Methods 80 cases of NPC treated with chemoradiation were randomly divided into 2 groups,and respectively adopted palonosetron and ondansetron anti-nausea treatments,acute and delayed nausea and vomiting and other adverse reactions of the 2 groups were observed and compared. Results Acute nausea in palonosetron group was 57. 5%,acute vomiting was 32. 5%,in ondansetron group,the incidence of acute nausea and vomiting were62. 5% and 35. 0%,there had no statistical difference between the 2 groups（ P〈0. 05）; In palonosetron group,delayed nausea was 80. 0%,delayed vomiting was 62. 5%; Ondansetron group delayed the incidence of nausea and vomiting was 87. 5%,80. 0%,Palonosetron group significantly decreased,the difference was statistically significant（ P〈0. 05）; In addition to nausea,vomiting,gastrointestinal reaction,the 2 groups of patients had dizziness,dry mouth,headache,fatigue,low thermal radiation and chemotherapy,constipation,anxiety,diarrhea associated adverse reactions,the incidence of adverse reactions was similar between the 2 groups（ P〉0. 05）. Conclusion Palonosetron for NPC treated with chemoradiation can prevent the acute and delayed nausea and vomiting caused by radiation and chemotherapy,especially can effectively control the occurrence of delayed nausea and vomiting,with minor adverse reactions,it is worthy of popularizing in clinical use.