局部作为整体--从一个案例看社区研究的视野拓展

Parts as the Wholes:The broadening of the scope of community study from the perspective of a village

20世纪30年代中期,吴文藻结合人文区位学与民族志的相关论述,提出了有广泛影响的社区研究方法论。在本文中,作者借个人的一个既有研究案例说明这一方法论的内涵,并提出,要同时关照吴文藻所述的社区整体性与局部性,便应将研究视野拓展到人的社会关系领域之外。延伸有关文化的物质性、社会性与精神性的论述,作者指出,作为一个"更大世界"的社区,除了是社会共同体之外,还包含超出社区边界并与之形成不同形式的关联性的半自然和自然世界、"精神世界",及通过研究宇宙观与现实社会之间关系可以认识到的"抽象世界"。此外,作者还质疑了大小传统理论。

In the mid-1930s,Wu Wenzao combined human ecology and ethnography to create an influential methodology of the 'community study'.In this article,the author reconsiders Wu's synthesis.As Wu emphasizes,rural communities are 'life worlds' in the broad sense of the term.They are sites where the relationships between persons,persons and things,and persons and divinities(sometimes overlapping with persons and things) co-exist.These sites are parts of the larger regional and civilizations whole,but they themselves are also wholes,being places where old and new traditions come to be re-engaged in the local life.This is the very essence of the 'little tradition'.Wu rightly defined the community as a world of material( ecological),social,and 'spiritual' existence.However,being a social-centric sociologist,he did not allow an adequate space for the understanding of the material and 'spiritual' aspects of the 'life world' of the community.In this methodological critique,the author reflects on the existing theories of the 'little' and 'great' traditions.