族裔聚居区的经济与社会--对聚居区族裔经济理论的检视与反思

Economy and Society in the Ethnic Enclave:Revisiting the ethnic enclave economy theory

族裔聚居区是国际移民社会中的一个常见现象,它的发展与治理形态对于国际移民及其移居国都具有重要影响。基于族裔聚居区而展开的个体或群体行为研究已经取得了丰硕的成果,但这些研究更多的是从族裔聚居区内在的结构来分析其对族裔经济、社会发展以及移民社会融入的影响。本文在细致梳理族裔聚居区研究理论发展脉络的基础上,检视族裔聚居区经济理论"从社会看经济"研究路径的内在逻辑,并剖析其分析概念和架构的局限所在,进而提出"从经济看社会"路径在未来族裔聚居区研究中的可能与可为。本文认为,"从经济看社会"有助于将族裔聚居区重新置于研究分析的中心位置,并跳出原有的"隔离—融入"(边缘—主流)的二元对立分析框架,在一个多元的视角中,以族裔聚居区为中心来审视作为不同族裔的国际移民群体之间、移民群体与本土其他族裔群体之间由于冲突、合作与博弈构成的社区结构以及身处其中的个体的行为选择。

The development and governance of the ethnic enclaves have long-lasting impacts on both international migrants,their ethnic communities and host societies.Prior research has yielded fruitful results but has overemphasized the enclave's internal social structure,and its temporal effect on assimilation.This paper aims to achieve dual goals.First,it examines the inner logic of a common research path—'studying the economy from the society'.Second,it advances an alternative research path—'studying the society from the economy'.We argue that the new research path places the ethnic enclave at the center of analysis and allows researchers to move beyond the dichotomy of 'segregation versus integration',or 'the marginal versus the mainstream'.The paper also highlights the significant ways in which the ethnic enclave affects processes of conflict,cooperation,and negotiation within and across ethnic communities and individual choices in these processes.