碳纤维复合材料低速冲击特性及损伤分析研究

Analysis on low velocity impact performance and damage behavior of carbon fiber composite beam

针对碳纤维复合材料汽车保险杠的低速耐冲击性能问题,利用真空辅助树脂扩散成型工艺制备了不同铺层比例与铺层顺序的碳纤维复合材料试样,对其进行了简支梁低速冲击性能试验,根据低速冲击响应特性曲线及损伤模式探究了复合材料能量吸收机理;同时基于ABAQUS/Explicit对典型铺层试样建立了简支梁冲击仿真模型,利用Hashin失效准则进行失效判断,研究了低速冲击响应应力变化及损伤过程并将模拟结果与实验值进行了比较。研究结果表明:碳纤维复合材料简支梁低速冲击主要损伤模式为纤维断裂,通过增加(0,90)铺层能够提高接触力载荷与冲击韧性强度,通过在试样冲击表面铺设(±45)铺层能够缓解结构剧烈破坏。峰值载荷误差为5.1%,峰值位移误差为3.2%,证明了模型的有效性,为碳纤维复合材料保险杠提供了设计基础。

Aiming at the impact resistance of the woven carbon fiber composite bumper beam,different layers of the plain woven carbon fiber composite laminates were made by VARIM,and tested with charpy impact. The mechanism of energy absorption was explored through the results of impact responses and damage behaviour. ABAQUS / Explicit was used to set up the analysis model of the charpy impact with the modified Hashin failure criteria to explore the process of the dynamic response and damage behavior. The results indicate that the main damage behavior of the carbon fiber composite beam is fiber fracture. The contact force and impact strength can be improved by increasing the number of（ 0,90） layers. The intense damage can be alleviated by（ ± 45） layers when put it on the surface. The experimental results indicate that the error of the simulated peak force is 5. 1% and the peak displacement is 3. 2%,the validity of the FE model is proved which can be the basis of the carbon fiber composite bumper design.