新西兰兔脊髓血供来源的解剖学研究

Anatomic study of arterial supply to the spinal cord in New Zealand White rabbits

目的观察新西兰兔脊髓各节段血供的来源和分布特点。方法选择10只成年新西兰兔，麻醉置死后打开胸腔，生理盐水冲洗血管腔后从升主动脉灌注入红色乳胶，泡人10％甲醛溶液固定后，逐步去除颈、胸、腰段的椎骨，暴露脊髓供血动脉，进行解剖学研究。结果新西兰兔的颈段脊髓血供主要来源于椎动脉和小脑后下动脉；胸段脊髓血供主要来源于肋间最上动脉、肋间动脉和肋下动脉；腰段脊髓血供主要来源于腰动脉、骶正中动脉；骶尾段神经根丝主要由髂内动脉和骶正中动脉供血。供应脊髓的前根髓动脉左、右两侧呈不对称分布，颈、腰段以右侧多见，胸段以左侧多见，且腰根髓大动脉常位于左侧；脊髓后根髓动脉左、右两侧分布对称，且颈、腰段血供较胸段丰富。结论新西兰兔的脊髓血供与人类脊髓血供存在差异，在选用新西兰兔制作脊髓缺血再灌注损伤模型时应考虑到上述解剖变异因素对模型的影响。

Objective To describe the arterial origination and arrangement of the spinal cord in New Zealand White rabbits. Methods Ten adult New Zealand rabbits were studied by anatomy. After the rabbits being killed, the vascular networks were perfused with saline, injected with red latex through aorta ascendens, and fixed with 10% formaldehyde. Then the spinal cord arteries were showed by removing vertebral arches in the cervical, thoracic, lumbar and sacral spinal regions. Results The cervical spinal cord regions of New Zealand rabbits were supplied by vertebral arteries and posterior inferior cerebellar artery; the thoracic spinal cord region were supplied by the supreme intercostal arteries, intercostal arteries, and subcostal arteries; the lumbar spinal cord region were supplied by lumbar arteries and middle sacral artery; the sacral and coccygeal spinal cord regions were supplied by internal iliac arteries and middle sacral artery. Based on the asymmetry of rediculomedullary arteries, cervical and lumbar anterior rediculomedullary arteries were predominant on the right, but Adamkiewicz artery often originated from the left lumbar artery, and thoracic anterior rediculomedullary arteries on the left. The posterior radiculomedullary arteries had symmetrical distribution between the left and right sides, and more frequently existed in cervical or lumbar region than in thoracic region. Conclusion The arterial origination and arrangement of the spinal cords in New Zealand White rabbits are different than those in humans; the variations of arteries should be taken into account if the rabbits are used to establish spinal cord injury models.