色诺芬的财政增收思想研究

Research on Xenophon's Thought of Fiscal Revenue Increase

色诺芬很强调政府保持财政的收支平衡,既可以使自己免于贫困,又可以消除和邻邦的矛盾,公民借助于本国的资源来维持生活才是公正的生活,反对通过侵略掠夺邻国的财物来维持财政的平衡。色诺芬在当时的历史背景下,想出一些增加雅典收入的办法:一是吸引更多的外国人侨居雅典,二是授予商人特权,三是设立基金,四是管理好银矿,五是国家拥有公共奴隶,六是保持和平的经济发展环境。色诺芬充分认识到财政收入在一个国家发展中的重要作用,并提出很多增加财政收入的有效措施,这在当时是很有远见的,至今仍然有借鉴意义。

Xenophon emphasized that the fiscal balance can not only help government avoid poverty but also eliminate conflict with its neighbors. And he believed that it is of justice for citizens to use resources from their own country to support their own and opposes maintaining fiscal balance by invading its neighbors. Under the historical background of that time, Xenophon came up with a few methods to increase the income of Athens： firstly, to attract more foreigners to reside in Athens; secondly, to grant privilege to merchants; thirdly, to establish funds; fourth, to manage silver mines; fifth, to have public slaves; and sixth, to keep peaceful environment for economic development. Xenophon was fully aware of the importance of fiscal revenue in a country＇s development and he put forward many effective approaches to increase fiscal revenue, which is incredibly farseeing and still has reference significance nowadays.