从“天下主义”“民族国家”到“新天下主义”——中国民族主义特质流衍论略

From“ Tianxia ” and“ Nation-state ” to the“ New Tianxia ” ——Discussion on the Transmutation of Chinese Nationalist Traits

中国的民族主义是一种具有千年根柢的族群文化与政治观念。中国传统民族主义特质在于富有文化普世主义意识的"天下主义"观念。在近代中国,民族主义中所具有的传统"天下主义"文明秩序逐渐为受西方影响所致的"民族国家"范型所掩蔽。而当代中国民族主义却因其所具应激性的特征而常常为"爱国主义"所表达。中国民族主义建构的未来前景却在于对传统普世性文明建构方略的回归抑或创造性转化。而近年来为学人所倡导的充分汲取中国传统政治思想资源的"新天下主义"方案或可值得期待。

Chinese nationalism has roots of ethnic culture and the political ideas in a thousand years. The traditional nationalism is an concept of Tianxia which has rich consciousness of cultural universalism. In modern China,the nationalism of the traditional civilization of the' Tianxia order' was masked by the' Nation-state' paradigm from the west. And contemporary Chinese nationalism is cxpressed as the irritability of the characteristics of' patriotism'. The future prospects of Chinese nationalist construction lies in its return to the traditional universality civilization construction plan and creative transformation,and in recent years,the scheme of' New Tianxia' which scholars advocate fully absorbs the resources of Chinese traditional political thought,and it is worth looking forward to.