影像学技术在巨细胞动脉炎诊断中的应用

Image Using in the Diagnosis of Giant Cell Arteritis

巨细胞动脉炎(giant cell arteritis,GCA)是以侵犯大动脉及其主要分支为特点的全身度血管炎,发病原因尚未明确。近年来,其发病率有增高趋势,但漏诊率和误诊率仍较高。因此,正确诊断、有效治疗十分关键。颞动脉活检是GCA诊断的金标准,但是其真实度和可靠度受多种因素影响。影像学技术的发展为发现系统度血管炎的结构和功能改变提供了非侵入度手段,是动脉活检的重要补充。本文旨在对近年来应用影像学技术诊断GCA的相关研究作一综述。

Giant cell arteritis（ GCA） is a systemic autoimmune vasculitis characterized by the inflammatory damage of medium-size and large blood vessels,mainly the aorta and its corresponding branches. The pathogenesis of GCA is poorly understood. In recent years,the incidence of GCA has increased and there still remained a high misdiagnosis rate and the false negative rate. It may be of particular relevance for the diagnosis of GCA with uncommon features such as headache,fever of unknown origin or those presenting with sudden onset of the vision problems and even the monocular or binocular vision loss,so early diagnosis of GCA is of great importance. Temporal artery biopsy is the gold standard for the diagnosis of GCA,but its authenticity and reliability are influenced by many factors. The development of image technology is an important supplement to the artery biopsy which provides a non-invasive method to inspect the structure and functional disorders of systemic vasculitis. The application of image technology in the diagnosis of GCA was briefly summarized in this review.