合法性悖论:淘宝村民间团体的生存困境

Legitimate Paradox: Survival Difficulty of Civil Society in Taobao Village

大量淘宝网商在农村集聚,新兴"淘宝村"成为农村转型发展的模式之一,随之带来的是村内代表行业共同利益的民间团体不断涌现,这类新生团体的合法性建构及其面临的困境引人关注。一方面,自下而上发育的民间团体具有公众合法性能达致正常运转,却因无法获得体制合法性而陷入生存困境;另一方面,民间团体在获得体制合法性后却没有如预期般长期享受发展优势,反而动摇了先前的公众合法性,进入体制铁牢笼,同样也陷入生存困境,由此造成"合法性悖论"。公众合法性与体制合法性的冲突造成的"合法性悖论",反映了政府"体制控制"过强而民间团体自身对两类合法性的定位模糊,同时也体现了在市场转型日渐深入的背景下所凸显的"国家"与"社会"的矛盾。淘宝村社会组织的发展与"淘宝村"的未来前景息息相关,如何破解"合法性悖论",在当前背景下发挥民间团体的活力,其路径选择和发展模式也为社会治理提出了新的问题。

More and more Taobao net businessmen agglomerate in the rural area,and the rising 'Taobao Village'has become one of the development model of rural transformation,therefore,more and more civil societies representing the common benefits of different trade boom up. The legitimate structure of the rising societies and their difficulties are drawing more and more concerns. On one hand,these civil societies emerging from the grass- root run normally as they are publicly legitimate,yet they are meeting with the survival difficulty asthey cannot get the institutional legitimacy; on the other hand,after they get the institutional legitimacy,they do not appreciate the long- term development advantage as expected,which doubts the previous public legitimacy,leading to entering the survival difficulty after entering the institution cage,bringing forth the 'legitimate paradox'. This 'legitimate paradox'caused by the collision of public legitimacy and the institutional legitimacy and reflects that the 'institutional control'of the government is too strong whereas the civil society is vague to definite these two kinds of legitimacy. To solve this 'legitimate paradox'is to play full role of the vitality of the civil societies,and its route selection and development mode will put forward new problems for social governance.