本科和专科护生职业防护认知的调查分析

Comparison and analysis about cognition of occupational protection on different education background nursing students

[目的]比较和分析本科和专科护生职业防护知识和态度,为开展相关的护理教育提供依据。[方法]采用整群分层抽样,将芜湖市2所医学院校本科和专科2个层次的1 031名在校护生作为研究对象,采用自行设计的在校护生职业防护知识和态度问卷对其进行调查。[结果]本科护生职业防护知识的平均答题正确率为69.22%,专科护生职业防护知识的平均答题正确率为61.32%。本科在校护生的职业防护知识水平在化学性危害防护维度、生物性危害防护维度高于专科护生(P<0.05);本专科的在校护生职业防护的态度较好,平均分高于4.5分。本科和专科护生职业防护态度从高到低依次为综合防护态度维度(4.60分±0.47分,4.58分±0.42分)、生物性危害防护态度维度(4.57分±1.10分,4.55分±0.41分)、化学性危害防护态度维度(4.53分±0.45分,4.51分±0.50分)、物理性危害防护态度维度(4.44分±0.51分,4.44分±0.49分)、心理社会危害防护态度维度(4.44分±0.53分,4.41分±0.55分)。本专科护生职业防护态度在各个维度比较,差异无统计学意义。[结论]本专科护生职业防护知识水平较低,职业防护态度虽然比较乐观但仍存在不足。应开展职业防护相关的知识和态度的培训,提高护生对护理职业危害认知,从而有效地预防、减少护理相关职业危害的发生。

Objective：To compare and analyze the difference on the knowledge and attitude of occupational protectionbetween different education background（undergraduate and specialist）nursing students and supply basis for carrying out nursing education.Methods：A total of 2 medical students in Wuhu were sampled by the method of stratified cluster sampling and a total of 1031 students were included.Applied self-administered questionnaire to investigate the knowledge and attitude of occupational protection.Results：For undergraduates and specialist students,the average accuracy rates of knowledge about occupational protection were 69.22% and 61.32%.The chemical（58.70% vs 47.30%）and biological（83.50% vs 25.80%）hazards dimension of occupational protection knowledge in undergraduate nursing students were higher than that specialist nursing students with the difference was statistically significant.The attitude of occupational protection between undergraduates and specialist students are good with the average score higher than 4.5.The score in different dimension of occupational protection attitude,in descending order：comprehensive protection（4.60±0.47 points vs 4.58±0.42 points）,biological hazards（4.57±1.10 points vs 4.55±0.41 points）,chemical hazards（4.53±0.45 points vs 4.51±0.50 points）,physical hazards（4.44±0.51 points vs 4.44±0.49 points）,psychological and social hazards（4.44±0.53 points vs 4.41±0.55 points）.There was no difference between undergraduates and specialist students in dimension of occupational protection attitude.Conclusion：Nursing students are short of knowledge and positive attitude of occupational protection.The education about occupational protection should be carried out to strengthen and improve the knowledge and attitude of occupational protection in nursing students and to prevent and reduce the occurrence of nursing-related occupational hazards effectively.