走向决裂--中国劳动协会与国民党关系的演变

Steps toward Division:The Evolution of the Relationship between the Chinese Association of Labor and KMT

战后,中国劳动协会与国民党的矛盾实则是国民党体制性冲突,是劳动协会意欲其摆脱控制、单独组建工党及其与中共的联系三者互相叠加的结果。自较场口惨案开始,劳协与重庆地方当局的矛盾迅速公开化,最终在陈立夫、谷正纲授意下,由重庆市总工会出面行动,接收劳动协会重庆办事处。朱学范事后提出解决事件的四项要求,并利用舆论、上海工会组织的声援、请愿等方式,希望维护劳动协会权益。国民政府在美国舆论压力之下,被迫对外宣布妥协,实则不仅限制劳动协会发展,更逼迫朱学范发表反共宣言、改组劳动协会,朱学范求助英美无果,最终走向中共。战后劳动协会的发展历程,可谓国共之外中间势力历史选择的真实写照。

The contradiction between the Chinese Association of Labor and KMT during the postwar period had lots of reasons, not only because of the institutional conflict of National government, but also the Chinese Association of Labor intended to get rid of the control of KMT and build up an independent labor party. Of course, the collaboration with CCP played an important role. Since the Jiao Chang Kou Massacre, the conflict between the Chinese Association of Labor and Chongqing local authority became openly. Finally, Chen Lifu and Gu Zhenggang instructed Chongqing local authority to launch the August 6 Incident. Zhu Xuefan afterwards provided four claims for resolving the incident, and intended to make use of public opinion and Shanghai workers~ petition safeguarding his interest. Under the pressure of American public opinion, the National government had to announce a compromise solution. Actually, the National government had taken measures to restrict the development of Chinese Association of Labor and compel Zhu Xuefan to release an anti-communist statement and reorganize the Chinese Association of Labor. When America and British unions refused to support him, Zhu Xuefan decided to choose to cooperate with CCP ultimately. It reflected the history of intermediate parties＇ political choice.