中国城市聚集经济的微观基础——来自工业企业微观数据的经验研究

Study of Micro-foundation of Urban Agglomeration Economy in China:Evidence from the Plant-level Data in China Industry Business

城市聚集经济是指产业活动在城市聚集所产生的促进企业生产率增长的外部规模经济收益。本文利用中国工业企业大样本数据,构建企业生产率决定模型,对中国城市聚集经济的微观基础进行实证检验。研究表明:城市本地投入-产出联系、劳动力市场共享、技术外溢为企业提供了显著的外部规模经济,构成了城市聚集经济的微观基础,其中,本地投入-产出联系影响最强,技术外溢次之,劳动力市场共享较弱。基于分行业的进一步研究发现,虽然不同微观基础对不同行业的影响存在差异,但基本结论一致。强化城市聚集经济的微观基础,是实现新型城镇化产业支撑的关键。

In this paper,the agglomeration economy is defined as increasing returns to external scale,which promotes the growth of enterprise productivity.Using large sample plant-level data from database of China industry business performance and the model of firm productivity growth,we investigate the micro-foundation of urban agglomeration economy.The results show that inputoutput linkages,labor market pooling,and knowledge spillovers exert a significant positive impact on labor productivity of enterprises and input-output linkages are particularly important in these three mechanisms,which indicates that these three mechanisms constitute the micro-foundation of urban agglomeration economy in China.Based on the further study of industry-classified,we find that the effect of above three micro-foundations on productivity growth is different to various industries.To realize the goal of enhancing the industrial support in the process of new-style urbanization,we ought to strengthen micro-foundation of urban agglomeration economy.