吸烟与膀胱癌关系的研究进展

Advances in relationship between smoking and bladder cancer

膀胱癌是泌尿系统常见的恶性肿瘤,它的发生存在性别和地域差异。吸烟是膀胱癌患病的重要危险因素,与谷胱甘肽转硫酶M1(glutathione S-transferase M1,GSTM 1)、N-乙酰化转移酶2(N-acetyl transferase 2,NAT 2)、前列腺干细胞抗原(prostate stem cell antigen,PSCA)、染色质域6(chromobox 6,CBX6)/载脂蛋白B m RNA编辑酶催化多肽样蛋白3A(apolipoprotein B m RNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3A,APOBEC 3A)等基因共同作用有关。近期有研究显示,端粒酶反转录酶(telomerase reverse transcriptase,TERT)、细胞色素P450酶1A2(cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2,CYP 1A 2)、溶质运载体家族14A1(solute carrier family 14 member 1,SLC14A1)和轮辐蛋白同源体3(radial spoke protein 3 homolog,RSPH 3)/T细胞活化Rho鸟苷三磷酸酶激活蛋白(T-cell activation Rho GTPase activating protein,TAGAP)/埃兹蛋白(ezrin,EZR)等基因可增加膀胱癌的患病风险,且对吸烟者的影响更为显著。这些相关基因的发现或许能为研究者探究吸烟影响膀胱癌发生提供新的思路,也能为防治膀胱癌开展有针对性的保护措施提供证据支持。

Bladder cancer is a common malignancy of the urinary system.Its incidence varies considerably by gender and regions.Smoking is the most important risk factor of bladder cancer.It affects the pathogenesis of bladder cancer through genes,such as glutathione S-transferase Ml {GSTM1）,A/-acetyl transferase 2（NAT2）,prostate stem cell antigen（PSCA） and chromobox 6（CBY6）/apolipoprotein B mRNA-editing enzyme catalytic polypeptide-like 3A（AP0BEC3A）.Recently,telomerase reverse transcriptase（TERT）,cytochrome P450 family 1 subfamily A member 2（CYP1A2）,solute carrier family 14 member 1（SLC14A1） and radial spoke protein 3 homolog（RSPH3）/T-cell activation RhoGTPase activating protein（TAGAP）/ezrin（EZR） are reported to increase the risk of bladder cancer and this modification is more noticeable for the smokers.These genes will be of help for studying how smoking affects bladder cancer and the prevention strategies of the disease.