上海松江区≤6岁儿童家长对EV71疫苗接种态度及影响因素

Attitude towards EV71 vaccination and its influential factors among parents of children less than six years old in Songjiang district of Shanghai

目的 了解上海市松江区≤6岁儿童家长对手足口病（HFMD）及肠道病毒71（EV71）预防性疫苗的认知度,及其接受子女接种EV71疫苗的意愿情况。方法 采用分层随机抽样方法,于2015年7—9月在上海市松江区6个街道（镇）选取1 227名≤6岁儿童家长,自编《手足口病认知情况及EV71疫苗接种意愿调查表》进行问卷调查。采用多元logistic回归分析方法,分析接种EV71疫苗意愿的影响因素。结果 在接受调查的1 227名家长中,26.32%在接受本次调查前听说过EV71,16.22%听说过EV71疫苗,52.16%愿意让其子女接种EV71疫苗。担心疫苗的安全性是家长选择不接种疫苗的主要原因,大多数家长赞同EV71疫苗的推广使用,但希望政府能将该疫苗纳入国家免疫接种计划,或能提供适当的价格调控和经济补贴。多因素logistic回归分析显示,上海市户籍（OR=0.651,95%CI=0.479~0.884）、幼托儿童（OR=0.737,95%CI=0.563~0.965）、有手足口病既往史的儿童（OR=0.528,95%CI=0.349~0.798）家长让其孩子接种疫苗意愿低,高中文化程度、对EV71有所认知、认可接种疫苗对手足口病预防有帮助的家长让其孩子接种疫苗高。结论 家长对EV71疫苗的认知水平总体较低,户籍、儿童类型、文化程度、手足口病既往史、对EV71的认知、对接种疫苗预防疾病的认可程度是影响EV71疫苗接种意愿的主要因素。

Objective To examine the cognition of hand-foot-and-mouth disease （HFMD） and enterovirus 71 （EV71） vaccination among the parents of the children aged under 6 years and the parents＇ willingness to have their chil- dren vaccinated with EVT1 vaccine. Methods A self-designed questionnaire survey was performed among 1 277 parents with children less than 6 years old selected with stratified random sampling from 6 urban and rural communities in Songjiang district of Shanghai between July and September 2015. Multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze fac- tors associated with the parents＇ willingness for their children＇s EV71 vaccination. Results Among the parents sur- veyed,26. 32% and 16. 22% had heard about EV71 infection and vaccination and 52. 16% agreed to their children hav- ing EV71 vaccination. The main reason for the parents＇ refusal for their children receiving EVT1 vaccination was the safety of the vaccine. Most of the parents agreed with EV71 inoculation in the public and hoped that EV71 vaccination could be included in the planned immunization program and got financial support from the government. The results of multivariate logistic analysis showed that the parents with registered permanent residence in Shanghai, with small children in kinder- garten, and with children having HFMD history had willingness for their children＇s EV71 vaccination, with the odds ratio （OR） of 0. 651 （ 95 % confidence interval 195 % CI ] = 0. 479 - 0. 884 ）, 0. 737 （ 95 % CI = 0. 563 - 0. 965 ）, and OR of 0. 528 （95 % CI = 0. 349 -0. 798 ） ;whereas, the parents with high school education, having the knowledge about the sig- nificance of EVT1 vaccination, and considering EV71 being effective in HFMD prevention had higher willingness for their children＇s EV71 vaccination. Conclusion The parents of children aged less than 6 years in Shanghai had low knowledge about EV71 vaccination and the parents＇ willingness for EV71 inoculation of their children was influenced by registered residence,education level, knowledge about EVT1 infection and vaccination of themselves and whether their children being in kindergarten and having HFMD history.