中国哈尼族儿童青少年生长发育和营养状况变化趋势

Secular growth and nutrition trends among Hani ethnicity children and adolescents in China,2005-2014

目的 分析2005—2014年中国哈尼族儿童青少年体格生长发育和营养状况变化趋势,并提出改善建议。方法 采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,随机抽取7~18岁哈尼族学生,对2005—2014年学生的生长迟缓、消瘦及体格生长发育变化趋势进行比较。结果 2005—2014年哈尼族男、女生营养不良率从38.38%和30.36%下降到32.17%和28.13%,学生营养不良现象得到改善;2005、2010和2014年男生生长迟滞率分别为33.92%、28.52%和27.01%,女生分别为26.88%、24.89%和25.63%;2005—2014年哈尼族男、女生突增年龄维持在13岁和11岁,女生比男生提前2年进入突增高峰年龄;2005、2010和2014年哈尼族18岁身高性差分别为3.71、10.65和12.50 cm;学生体质指数变化较为平稳。结论 哈尼族儿童青少年营养状况得到一定改善,体格发育和营养状况处于正向生长长期趋势,但是学生营养不良问题仍很严重。

Objective To analyze secular growth trend and nutrition status among Hani ethnicity children and ado- lescents in China from 2005 to 2014, and to provide suggestions for improving growth and nutrition anlong Hani children and adolescents. Methods Data on physical and nutritional status for 2 591,2 629 ,and 2 637 Hani students aged 7 - 18 years in Yunnan province were extracted with stratified random cluster sampling from databases of three waves of survey on physique and health conditions of Chinese students conducted in 2005,2010, and 2014. We analyzed trends in the changes of growth retardation,malnutrition, secular growth, and nutrition status among the students during the period. Re- suits The malnutrition rate decreased from 38.38% to 32. 17% and 30. 36% to 28. 13% among the Hani boys and girls,suggesting an improvement of nutritional status among the students. The growth retardation rates were 33.92%, 28.52% ,and 27.01% among the boys and 26. 88% ,24. 89% ,and 25.63% among the girls,respectively,in 2005,2010 and 2014. During the 10-year period, the girls showed a two-younger average age of height spurt than the boys （ 11 years vs. 13 years）. The male to female differences in the height were 3.71 cm, 10. 65 cm, and 12. 50 cm in 2005,2010, and 2014 ,respectively, among the students. No obvious variation was observed in body mass index （BMI） among the students. Conclusion Both the physical development and nutritional status present a trend of improvement but malnutri- tion remains a serious problem among Hani children and adolescents during the period of 2005 to 2014.