强制阐释批判与中国文论重建

On the Relationship between the Criticism of Compulsory Explanation and the Reconstructing of Chinese Literary Theory

张江强制阐释论系列论文对西方文论存在的问题所做的分析与批判,有助于人们更好地认识和评判西方文学理论的价值。不过,也要警惕因对这些论文的误读而产生另一种偏向,即将中国当代文论存在的问题归罪于西方文论强制阐释方法的运用。场外征用是强制阐释批判理论中最重要的概念。在张江看来,20世纪60年代以后兴盛的批评理论,其最大弊端就是以场外征用的方式来抹煞文学理论及批评的本体特征,导引文论偏离文学。这一批判有一定合理性,但不能因此就彻底否定批评理论的场外征用。如果说西方文论中的强制阐释与西方社会现实和文学理论进程密切相关,因而具有某种合理性的话,那么中国近几十年来对西方文学理论顶礼膜拜的强制阐释冲动,则完全失去了其存在的合理性。因为它只是盲目照搬和机械模仿西方的文学理论,从根本上脱离了中国文学实际。强制阐释批判的目的是为了中国文论的重建。要实现中国文论的重建,必须有自己的理论基点,即重归中国文学实践和坚持民族化的方向,同时还必须处理好以下关系:第一,坚持民族化方向与引进接受西方文学理论的关系;第二,宏观系统的文学理论建构与具体的文学现象和理论问题研究的关系;第三,文学创作与文学批评、文学研究与文化研究的关系。

Mr. Zhang Jiang's analysis and criticism of Western literary theories in his series of papers on compulsory explanation is helpful for people to recognize and evaluate the value of the Western literary theory. However, it is necessary to be on guard against another bias caused by the papers ' mis-decoding, which ascribes the problems existing in current China's literary theories to the application of the Western compulsory explanation means. The requisition from the outside is the most important conception in the criticism theory of compulsory explanation. According to Zhang, the most serious malpractice in the criticism theories appeared after 1960 s is to block out the ontology-based consistency of literary theory and criticism by the means of requisition from the outside, which may lead the literary theory to leave literature. The purpose of compulsory explanation criticism is to rebuild the Chinese literary theory. It is necessary to catch a theoretical basis ourselves in order to rebuild Chinese literary theory, i.e. to return to the direction of Chinese literature practice and nationalization. Simulta-neously, the following relations must be treated well, include that between persisting the direction of national-ization and introducing for accepting the Western literary theories, that between the construction of macro liter-ary theory system and the study of concrete literary phenomena as well as theoretical problems, that between literary creation and criticism, and that between literature research and culture research.