亚里士多德论德性的四重统一

Aristotle on the Fourfold Unity of Virtue

自从苏格拉底提出"德性统一论",这个论题就成为古希腊哲学家的一个重要共识,但是,不同的哲学家给出了不同的表达和理解方式。在柏拉图的著作中至少有三种关于德性统一论的不同表述,而亚里士多德继承、修正和发展了苏格拉底与柏拉图的这个论题,在他自己的德性理论中提出了关于德性统一的四重论证:伦理德性可以在普遍正义"之中"或"通过"普遍正义得到统一,也可以在豪迈"之中"得到统一,还可以"通过"明智这种理智德性得到统一,而最终所有的伦理德性和理智德性都在拥有智慧的哲学家"之中"达到了最终的统一。

Since Socrates put forward the thesis of ＂unity of virtue,＂ it became a standard doctrine among Greek philosophers, but they also provided different understandings and formulations of this thesis. There are at least three different forms of unity thesis in Platonic oeuvre. And Aristotle, based on his more subtle distinction between different kinds of virtues, articulatesfour different kinds of unity： （1） the unity in/throughgeneral justice （dihaiosyne hole ）, （2） in magnanimity （magalopsychia）, （3） throughprudence （phronOsis）, and （4） in the philosopher who possess sophia. In articulating these different levels, we also come to appreciate Aristotle＇ s reception, revision, and development of this Socratic/Platonic thesis.