“由旧入新”与“无中生有”:民国初年的文史之学

History and Literature Study in Early Years of the Republic China

处于激烈反帝制革命之后和艰苦反复辟斗争之中的"民国初年",是被中国近现代学术史研究忽视的时期。作为中国文史之学从传统向现代嬗变的时期,"民国初年"并非仅仅是无意义的"萧条"和"颓废",实际上也孕育着现代文史之学确立需要的积极因素:学术研究的观念与范式、学术研究的风气与人才,正在发生"由旧入新"的蜕变;现代、独立、专业的文史学科或辅助学科,开始"无中生有"的建立,并取得一些引人关注的成绩;传统的各种观念逐渐趋于边缘化,从全球视野中观察、定位、塑造、鞭策自己的"世界维度"在学人群体中生成。这些"由旧入新"和"无中生有"的积极因素,为20世纪20年代现代文史之学的蓬勃发展奠定了基础。关注高峰、追逐热点与推崇新颖,是中国当前学术史研究的惯常作业方式。在继承这一优点的同时,我们也应该尝试将目光向低潮、边缘和日常投射。只有如此,我们写出的学术史才会全面可信,才能更有助于当下的学术界寻找自我。

The academic history in the early years of the Republic China has been overlooked by researchers. This is a difficult period for Chinese history and literature study, which was not only a desolate scene on all sides, but has also undergone some changes. There were, actually, a few positive factors regarding the modernization of Chinese history and literature study. Some changes from tradition to modernization took place during this period, such as the concept and paradigm of academic, the academic environment, scholars, independent and modern institutions. By making comparison with the sinology of western and Japanese, Chinese scholars form their dimension of the World. The positive factors of their studies lay the basis for the development of the modernization of Chinese history and literature study.