论武术之打

Research on the Fight of Wushu

无论古代还是现代,"打"都是人们对武术的基本认知。近代以来,在异域文化涌入的同时,也为重新审视本土文化,找到可资比较的参照物——人们对武术之"打"的困惑因此而生。运用文献资料、历史分析等研究方法,对"武术之打"之内涵、造成人们对武术之打认识困惑的根源、如何看待武术之打的真实进行探讨。研究认为:1)"能不能打"和"有多能打"是两个层面的问题,人们之所以对武术之打产生困惑,实源于在对"打"的内涵认识上,只注意了前者,未意识到后者才是对武术之打进行优劣判别的依据。2)在对武术之打认识困惑根源的追索中,对手问题进入考察的视野;由于近代以来武术生存环境的剧变,致使打之对手的参照系发生改变,进而导致人们对武术之打困惑的产生。3)应该辩证地看待武术之打的真实,既要看到正是由于它的相对弱化,令武术多元功能的并彰不悖成为可能;同时,也应对武术由"拳"向"操"异化的趋势予以纠正,使武术多元功能之间的张力维持在适度范围内。

No matter in the ancient or modern times,fight is always the basic knowledge people have about Wushu.However,since modern times,because of the long closed door was opened immediately,as Chinese people hastily coping with the various culture from all directions,also brought about comparable reference for them to review their local culture,people＇s confusion about the fight of Wushu come into being therefore.In order to solve the mystery of people‘s confusion about the fight of Wushu,comprehensively using research methods of literature review and historical analysis,this paper studies this question.The main conclusions are 1）it is two levels of questions between ＂able to fight or unable to fight＂and ＂how much able to fight＂,the reason people feel confused about the fight of Wushu,is originated in that on the understanding of the connotation of＂fight＂,people only take notice of the former,but not realize that the latter is the basis of good and bad discrimination of the fight of Wushu.2）in the root search of the understanding confusion of the fight of Wushu,the question of rival comes into the vision of investination,due to the upheaval of the living environment of Wushu led to the change of the frame of reference of the fight rival of Wushu since modern times,further led to the occurrence of people＇s confusion about the fight of Wushu.3）in the face of the reality of the fight of Wushu,we should dialectically look at it,we must see that it is because of its relative weakening brings Wushu the possibility to manifest its multiple functions simultaneously,and at the same time,we must also correct the alienation trend of Wushu from ＂quan＂to＂gymnastics＂as well,thereby maintain the tension of the multiple functions of Wushu in a moderate range.