东晋南朝的方位州考释

Textual Research on Positional Zhou of East Jin and Southern Dynasty

在东晋南朝史书中有大量关于东州、西州、南州和北州的记载。这些以方位词来称呼的"州",含义和得名的原因都较为复杂。西州主要指代扬州官府和荆州,偶尔指益州。东州主要指代扬州,其次是东扬州。南州主要指代侨立的豫州和南豫州及其治所姑熟城,偶尔指江州和广州。北州主要指代青州,其次是泛指北方诸州。荆州是最大的军事重镇,扬州是京畿地区,二者的户口超过全国的半数,被世人比拟为先秦的西陕和东陕,因而被称之为西州和东州。侨立的豫州和南豫州及其治所姑熟城是防御长江中上游和北方军事势力攻击的重要屏障,因位于京师之南,故被称之为南州。益州和青州位居西部和北部边疆、经济富庶、战略位置重要,故被称为西州和北州。东扬州称东州,江州和广州称南州,都是因为物产富饶。这些方位州的得名从一个侧面反映了全国的政治、经济和军事形势。

There were large number of records about East Zhou, West Zhou, South Zhou, North Zhou in the history books of East Jin and Southern Dynasties. These called ＂zbou＂ by words of locality, their meanings and the.cause of naming were more complex. West Zbou mainly referred to authority of Yang province and Jing province, secondly Yi province. East Zbou mainly referred to Yang province, followed by east Yang province. South Zhou mainly referred to Yu province, South Yu prov- ince and their provincial capital Gushu city, secondly Jiang province and Guang province. North Zhou mainly referred to Qing province, secondly the northern provinces. Jing province was the largest military region. Yang province was the capital area. Their registered residence has more than 50 percent of the national account. They were compared to west Shan and east Shan of the pre- Qin period ,which was called the West Zhou and East Zhou. Yu province, south Yu province and Gushu city, were important military barriers against the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the northern military forces, and locate in the south of the capital, so was called South Zhou. Yi province and Qing province located the western and northern frontier, was e- conomic prosperity, and important strategic position, so was called West Zhou and North Zhou. East Yang province called East Zhou, Jiang province and Guang province called South Zhou, all because of rich. The naming of these positional Zhou reflected the country＇ s political, economic and military situation from a side.