商事如政事——张元济“以政入商”下的文化运作

Commercial Business Like Political Affair——Zhang Yuan-ji's Culture Practice with His Commercial and Political Opinion

民元鼎革之际,中华书局以共和教科书为突破口,抢占商务教科书市场份额。面对危机,商务领导人张元济将其丰富从政经验与政治智慧导入商业模式,加之苦心经营政学商三界高端人脉有年,故得以及时调整并挽回颓势。商务也适时利用其丰沛人脉,在动荡不安的历史年代夹缝中求生存,以文化出版事业为桥梁,无分新旧左右、禹内域外,效仿科举大举储才,将各方势力活成一片,使人脉在商务这个"变相之官场"的平台上,继续在政学商界良性延展,获得了自身历史上义利双赢的黄金时代。

The Chung Hua Book Company tried to occupy the market of the commercial textbooks through republican text- books during the 1911 Revolution. The leader of the Commercial Press,Zhang Yuan-ji ,who was of great political intelligence and abundant experience and was also well known among the political, business and education circles, resolved highly adaptive solutions to the crisis. Imitating the imperial examination system,the Commercial Presss based on all kinds of cultural publica- tion no matter the old or the new things, or the things in China or abroad. And the Commercial Presss was able to survive in the turbulent times also by extending its ample interpersonal relationship so that it then developed well under the leadership of Zhang Yuan -ji and maintained its position among political, business and education circles. At the same time the Commercial Presss had been keeping great benefit and good reputation.