摘要
同英语等其他语言一样,汉语里也存在一类小句宾补标记,由汉语的言说动词语法化而来,分别是现代汉语的"说"和"道"以及古代汉语的"曰"和"云",它们共同构成了汉语的小句宾补标记家族。汉语言说动词语法化为宾补标记,受到语义及语用条件的限制:它们是言说语义场中的上位词,高频使用。汉语的宾补标记与英语等印欧语言相比,既有共性也有差异。其差异突出表现在:汉语的宾补标记来自言说动词,从历时角度看,不仅成员数量相对较多,而且还出现成员更迭替代的现象;汉语的宾补标记主要加在核心成分上,属核心标注的标记;汉语宾补标记既可标注直接引语,也可标注间接引语,具体到每个成员,其具体标句功能和能否省略情况又不一样。
We argue that there are also complementizers in Chinese that introduce a finite complement clause,like those in English and other languages.There are 4types of complementizers in Chinese which are yue(曰),yun(云),dao(道),and shuo(说).They come from verbs of saying being grammaticalized into connectives.From a diachronic perspective,they followed a sequence of yue>yun>dao>shuo,with the latter replacing the former in each case.Only hypernymsaying verbs with high frequency of use can become complementizers.They display many features different from those in English:they are tagged on the head;some introduce direct quotations while others take on indirect ones;often they can be omitted.
出处
《外语教学与研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2016年第4期498-508,639,共11页
Foreign Language Teaching and Research
