索引运动与索引学说的建立

Index Movement and the Establishment of Index Theory

20世纪20—30年代,我国兴起了一股索引编纂和索引理论研究的浪潮,史称"索引运动"。这次运动吸引了包括胡适、顾颉刚、洪业等一批近代学术巨擘积极投身并参与,影响遍及学术界、图书馆界。作为研究工具的索引为什么会得到如此热烈的关注,进而掀起一场轰轰烈烈的运动?通过对索引运动发生、发展过程的梳理可以发现,民国学者在其中投入的超乎寻常的热情,暗合晚清西学东渐以来,学术界以科学方法条理中国学问的迫切需求,体现了以索引为代表的工具学科在引领学术潮流方面的重要作用。借索引运动的东风,索引工作实践和索引理论建设均在这一时期取得了突出的成就。通过收集1917—1953年间前人的索引研究论著及索引编纂成果进行主题、内容分析后,可以得出以下结论:以1928年《索引与序列》一文为分界点,索引运动可以分为发生期和深入期两个发展阶段。前一阶段的特征为对索引的宣传和介绍,以及索引理论方面的初步探索。后一阶段的成就突出表现在索引工作实践的发展,以及索引研究机构的组建,以及索引学说的正式建立等方面,其理论成就,对今天的索引工作仍然具有重要的指导价值。

During the period of 1920s-1930s, China witnessed an upsurge of index compiling and index theory research, referred as ＇Index Movement＇ ,which attracting many great scholars at the time like Hu Shi, Gu Jiegang, Hong Ye and so on and influencing academic field circles. Why did index, as a research tool, draw so much attention that formed a movement？ It appeared clearly after combing the occurrence and development of index movement, that the passion that scholars showing to index at that time was coincidental with the urgent need of scientific method to reorganizing national heritage since late Qing Dynasty, and that Index as an efficient tool in academy played an important role in leading academic current. The practice of indexing work and the building of index theory got prominent achievement. Analysis in subjects and contents of research re- sults between 1917 and 1953 leads to the conclusion： Index Movement could be divided into two parts as beginning stage, be- fore 1928, and deep-going stage, after 1928, by the article ＇ Index and Sequence＇. The former emphasized the introduction and propaganda of index, also the preliminary research of index theory. The latter emphasized the development of practice, the building of research organization and the formal establishment of index theory, which still has significant guiding value in today＇s index working.