创客知识产权保护策略研究

Research on the Strategies of Intelectual Property Protection of the Makers

创客代表了一种新的制造业生产方式,创客群体的发展对于制造业的转型升级具有重要意义,研究创客的知识产权保护可以协助创客厘清不同阶段的权益问题并保持创新活力。分析创客在创意孵化阶段、产品化阶段、市场化阶段所面临的知识产权问题,调研美国对于不同阶段问题的解决方案,并从政府、创客空间、创客三个角度提出我国创客发展各个阶段的知识产权保护建议。不同发展阶段的创客知识产权保护建议:创意孵化阶段(重构思想表达二分法、定制资源使用协议、积累原创证据),产品化阶段(设临时专利申请制度并遏制专利流氓、针对已有成果签订权利约定合同、做好专利战略布局),市场化阶段(明确专利权归属及利益分配方式、加强协同创新、争取优质专利成果的独家商业权益)。

The makers represent a new way of manufacturing production. The development of the makers is of great significance for the transformation and upgrading of manufacturing. The study of the intellectual property protection can assist the mak- ers to clarify the right issues and maintain the energy of innovation in different phases. We analyzes the intellectual property problems in three phases including the idea generating phase, the transition phase and the marketization phase. We investigate the solutions to the problems in different phases in America. Based on three perspectives such as government, makerspace and maker, we offer some suggestions for the intellectual property protection of the makers in China. The suggestions for the intellectual property protection of the makers in different phases： the idea generating phase（ reform the dichotomy of ideas and expression, formulate a resource usage agreement, accumulate the original evidence）, the commoditization phase（set up the provisional patent application system and strike the patent trolls, sign a contract for the completed achievement, do the patent strategy planning）, the commercialization phase（ clarify the ownership of the patent right and profit sharing arrangement, emphasize collaborative innovation, obtain the exclusive business interests of excellent patent achievements）.