云南剑川海门口遗址第三次发掘出土铜铁器的分析及其年代

Metallurgical Analyses and Dating of the Bronze and Iron Objects from the Third Season Excavation at the Haimenkou Site in Jianchuan, Yunnan

为研究云南剑川海门口遗址出土铜铁器的制作技术及其年代,本文对第3次发掘出土的17件铜器和3件铁器进行了成分分析,部分器物进行了显微组织观察。结果表明海门口遗址出土铜器的合金元素有铜、锡、铅、锑、砷等多种成分,当时已有较多的合金配比知识,加工方式多样化,处于较为成熟的青铜时代。2件铁器出土于第6层,1件铁器出土于第5层,出土于第6层的1件铁器进行了金相观察,为人工冶炼的块炼铁,是铁器时代的产物。剑川海门口出土的铜器与周边地区青铜文化出土的铜器也有密切的联系,结合碳十四数据,本文初步推断剑川海门口第3次发掘出土铜铁器的年代应处于春秋到战国时期。

This research conducted a principal components analysis of 17 bronze articles and 3 iron articles evacuated from the Haimenkou site, Jianchuan, Yunnan Province during the third evacuation, which is for the scientific inquiry of the crafting techniques and dates from which those artifacts made. Results show that the alloys of the bronze items from the Haimenkou site contain copper, tin, lead, antimony, arsenic and other elements. The result also suggests that craftsmen would have had knowledge about the ratio of the alloy components and multifarious treating techniques. These lines of evidence support the hypothesis that the archaeological culture at the Haimenkou site is as of the heyday of the Bronze Age. Besides, 2 iron articles were found from the stratum 6, and 1 iron article was found from the stratum 5. One iron article from the stratum 6, according to metallographic observation, was made out of bloomery furnace which belongs to the iron age. Given the fact that bronzeware from haimenkou, Jianchuan had a close relationship with bronzeware from adjacent Bronze Age cultures and with evidence of C14 dating method, this article preliminarily concludes that the chronology of these bronze and iron articles from the third evacuation should be placed in the period from Spring and Autumn to Warring States.