优秀男子曲棍球运动员赛前综合强化力量训练效果评价

Comprehensive Reinforcement Strength Training for Elite Men Field Hockey Players before Competition

目的:在全国赛前10周,对优秀男子曲棍球运动员进行为期6周的赛前综合强化力量训练,并观察其训练效果,为我国优秀男子曲棍球运动员赛前的强化力量训练提供实证参考。方法:对19名广东省男子曲棍球运动员实施每周3次、每次120分钟、为期6周的赛前综合强化力量训练方案,在训练前后测量力量素质、爆发力及速度耐力;在训练前、中(第3周训练后)、后,测定基础状态下的血红蛋白(HB)、血清肌酸激酶(CK)、血尿素(BU)、睾酮(T)和皮质醇(C);同时随机抽取部分运动员,以递增负荷跑台方式测量最大摄氧量(VO2max)来评价有氧代谢能力,Wingate测试评价无氧代谢能力。结果:与训练前相比,训练后卧推、深蹲、背肌提拉、收腹举腿、纵跳高度均非常显著提高(P<0.001),立定跳远、30 m跑、腹肌显著提高(P<0.01),背肌耐力和5×25m折返跑略有提高;基础状态下的T/C值有提升趋势(P=0.054),其它血液指标变化不大;最大摄氧量无显著变化,但是3000m跑成绩有提升,最高功率、平均功率无显著变化。结论:1、赛前综合强化力量训练有效提升优秀曲棍球运动员的上肢力量、下肢力量、腰腹部的核心力量以及爆发力。2、合理的赛前综合强化力量训练不会导致运动员机能状态下降,同时运动员的有氧代谢能力和无氧代谢能力可以保持。

Purpose The purpose of the study is to observe the effectiveness of the comprehensive reinforcement strength training for elite men field hockey players before competition. Methods 6-week comprehensive reinforcement strength training was carried out for 19 men hockey players from Guangdong Provincial Team 120 minutes per day and thrice a week. The muscular strength,explosive power and muscular endurance of the players were measured before and after the training. The hemoglobin,creatine serum kinase,blood urea,testosterone and cortisol were determined before and after the training. The VO2 maxand Wingate anaerobic ability were measured in part of the players randomly. Results The bench press,squat,Lats pull down,belly in,vertical jump,and 3000 m running performance of the players improved significantly（P〈0.001）,as well as the standing long jump,30 m running,and abdominal muscle strength（P〈0.01）after the training as compared with before training. The biochemical parameters changed insignificantly before and after the training. Conclusion The comprehensive intensive strength training can effectively promote the strength of upper and lower extremities,waist and abdominal muscles of elite hockey players,while the aerobic and anaerobic capacity of the players can be retain.