基于眼动指标的飞行仪表布局评估研究

Research on the Evaluation of Flight Instruments Layout Based on Eye Movement Indices

目的研究飞行仪表布局变化对飞行员观察各仪表注视时间、注视点、仪表间注视转移频率和扫视轨迹的影响,以开展飞机飞行仪表布局的工效学评估。方法设计眼动测量试验,通过搭建简易仿真平台,让12名被试驾驶塞斯纳172、波音737-300和波音737-800依次完成直线爬升、平直飞行和水平转弯3个阶段的模拟飞行任务,同时记录被试的眼动数据。结果 (1)同一飞行任务中飞行员对各飞行仪表的注视时间百分比和注视点百分比没有因为仪表布局的差异而产生显著性差异。(2)对于不同型号飞机的飞行仪表布局,同一飞行任务中飞行员在各飞行仪表间的注视转移频率基本一致,但对波音737-800飞机飞行仪表的扫视轨迹长度更短且具有明显差异。结论随着飞行仪表布局的优化,飞行员观察飞行仪表时的注意力分配和各仪表间的注视转移频率并无明显差异,但扫视轨迹长度逐渐变短且变化显著。

Objective Fixation duration,fixation count,eye movement link value and scan path were studied to evaluate the layout of the flight instrument for civil aircraft from a point of ergonomics. Methods We constructed a simple flight simulation platform on which 12 participants finished the three different types of flight tasks orderly including climb ,straight and level flight ,and turn by driving the flight modes which were Cessna172, Boeing737 -300, and Boeing737 - 800. At the same time, the eye movement data were recorded. Results （ 1 ） The effects of the flight in- strument layout were insignificant to the fixation duration and fixation count in the same simulation flight task. （2） For the flight instrument of different layout, the eye movement link value in the same simulation flight task was consistent. But the length of scan path to the B737 - 800 flight instrument was shorter. Conclusion With the optimization of the layout of the flight instrument, distribution of attention and scanning strategy of the pilots varied insignificant, however, the length of scan path was shorter and varied obviously.