民航飞行员工作负荷影响因素体系研究

The Research of the Influencing Factors System of the Civil Aviation Pilots' Workload

飞行员工作负荷作为一个多维且较为复杂的研究对象,其受大量影响因素的影响。本文将建立完整的民航飞行员工作负荷影响因素体系,并对各影响因素的相对重要度进行分析。首先在工作负荷及其影响因素的分析研究基础上,结合飞机驾驶舱环境和飞行环境,通过与飞行员面谈的方法建立了影响因素体系。然后结合专家主观评估对飞行员工作负荷的影响因素指标进行筛选,采用5点Likert型标度获得各影响因素的相对重要性。最终建立了由飞行任务,飞行环境,驾驶舱人机界面,个体因素四大类下的完整的民航飞行员工作负荷影响体系。通过因素的重要度分析结果发现,影响程度最大的前四个影响因素依次为:时间压力、飞机类型(真机、模拟)、飞行时间、飞行阶段。完整的飞行员工作负荷影响因素体系对飞行员工作负荷的研究工作的开展有着重要的指导作用,同时提高工作负荷预测模型的精度。

Workload is a multi -dimensional and complex study, which is affected by a large number of influen- cing factors. The paper will construct a complete system of influencing factors of civil aviation pilots＇workload, and the relative importance of each influencing factor is analyzed. Firstly, a system of influencing factors of the pilots＇workload was established by the method of interviewing with the pilots based on the study of the analysis of workload and its influencing factors, combining with the flight cockpit environment and flight environment. And then a select of the indi- cator of influencing factors of pilots＇workload was done combined with the subjective assessment, the relative important of those factors was acquired by five points Likert scales. Finally, the complete system of influencing factors including four categories of flight task, flight environment, the interface of cockpit and individual factors of pilots＇ workload was established. The results of the relative importance of influencing factors show that the greatest impact of the first four factors were ： time pressure, aircraft type （ real machine, analog） , flight time, flight phase. The complete system of influencing factors of pilots＇workload has an important guide effect on the research development of pilots＇workload as well as improving the accuracy of the workload prediction model.